Objective: This study aims to screen brewing sorghum materials from sorghum germplasm resources and conduct differential analysis, in order to address the issues of cultivar degradation and varietal homogenization. Methods: UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics was employed to analyze primary metabolites in five sorghum cultivars. Multivariate statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were used in combination with metabolic pathway enrichment analysis to systematically explore the effects of varietal differences on sorghum primary metabolite profiles. Results: A total of 503 metabolites were detected in this study. Statistical analyses indicated that sorghum cultivar had a significant influence on both the composition and abundance of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model revealed distinct clustering among the cultivar samples, suggesting that primary metabolic profiles exhibit cultivar specificity. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that the metabolic differences among cultivars were mainly concentrated in pathways related to amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with changes in flavonoid compounds being particularly prominent. This study not only provides a metabolomic basis for sorghum cultivar identification, but also offers scientific reference for sorghum cultivation and the breeding of brewing-specific cultivars. Conclusion: Based on UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the primary metabolites of five sorghum cultivars and detected a total of 503 metabolites. Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively, indicating substantial differences in metabolic profiles among sorghum cultivars. Further analysis showed that varietal differences significantly affected metabolite composition and relative abundance, and these specific metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for cultivar identification. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis was the major differential metabolic pathway, with particularly notable changes in flavonoid compounds. These findings suggest that flavonoid metabolism plays a key role in cultivar-specific metabolic regulation and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying sorghum quality formation.

Nanopore sequencing technology, an advanced third-generation sequencing technology, is a revolutionary sequencing method widely used in clinical diagnosis and genomic research because of its features such as real-time sequencing, direct sequencing, long read length and portability. This paper outlines the basic principles and advantages of the technology, and briefly introduces its applications in clinical medicine such as diagnosis of diseases rare and genetic diseases, detection of infectious disease pathogens, public health emergency response, and cancer genomics screening. In genomics, nanopore sequencing is instrumental in genome assembly, structural variation detection, recovery of DNA from ancient organisms, and microbiological research. It enables direct sequencing and analysis of molecules, allowing for the identification of complex structural variations within the genome. This study finds that the technology also suffers from low accuracy, high cost associated with large data volumes, and significant requirements for data processing capabilities. These limitations can potentially be addressed through innovations such as improved nanopore materials and design, and integration with artificial intelligence. Finally, the latest innovations of the technology are analyzed, and the development trend and application prospects are outlooked.

To screen for interacting proteins of the rice thylakoid lumen protein OsTLP16.5 (encoded by Os06g0705100), which will help to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of OsTLP16.5 in rice. Total RNA was extracted from rice to construct a cDNA library. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) bait vector, pGBKT7-OsTLP16.5, was constructed to screen candidate target proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system, followed by interaction validation. Large-scale screening was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The bait vector pGBKT7-OsTLP16.5 was successfully constructed and verified to be free of autoactivation. A library screen identified 32 potential interacting proteins, of which 3 showed positive interactions after validation. NGS technology revealed 977 potential interacting proteins, including 51 chloroplast-associated proteins. A rice cDNA library was successfully constructed, and interacting proteins of OsTLP16.5 were identified, providing a foundation for studying how OsTLP16.5 functions in rice.

The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and is an important part of the global life support system. However, in recent years, due to factors such as overfishing, marine pollution, and climate change, the marine ecosystem has been under unprecedented pressure, and there is a serious trend of in fishery resources. This study focuses on the impact of marine conservation on the sustainable development of fisheries, exploring synergistic effects with green chemical technology. By analyzing the relationship between marine ecosystem services and fishery resources, it reveals the negative impacts of overfishing and pollution on fisheries and ecosystems, emphasizing the necessity of conservation measures. The study indicates that green chemical technology significantly reduces pollution from fishery activities to the marine environment through some means such as developing friendly fishing nets, degradable materials, and efficient wastewater treatment systems, providing technical support for the recovery of fishery resources and so on.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Longgui Street in Baiyun District of Guangzhou and establish a prediction model to establish a basis for the overall diagnosis and prevention of ECC. Seven kindergartens were randomly selected from seven administrative villages on Longgui Street, and more than 300 kindergartens were needed. A total of 1,096 preschool children were included. The questionnaires were distributed to parents to investigate the oral health behavior and medical treatment behavior of the tested children and the oral health knowledge behavior of the tested parents, and the results were analyzed differently to establish a prediction model. The incidence of dental caries in 1096 preschool children was 18.6%, with age being a risk factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR>1); only child status being a protective factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR<1); family income level being a protective factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR<1); chewing food-feeding children being a risk factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR>1); starting brushing time being a protective factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR<1); and toothache informing family members that it is a risk factor for dental caries (p<0.05, OR>1), but this factor is not suitable as a predictive factor because, in many cases, children who inform their parents that they already have dental caries disease. Parents' awareness of whether bacteria can cause gum inflammation and dental caries plays an important role in their oral health knowledge and attitudes. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Longgui Street of Baiyun District is lower than the national level, indicating that remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention of dental caries among preschool children in Longgui Street. Dental caries in preschool children on Longgui Street are closely related to children's age, whether they are only children, parents' education level, parents' oral knowledge, beliefs and behaviors, and children's bad oral behaviors. Oral health behaviors should be cultivated as early as possible, and some aspects of traditional feeding habits should be abandoned.

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa is of strategic importance in aquaculture breeding, large-scale seed production, and the conservation of endangered species. While research on sperm cryopreservation in marine mollusks lags behind that of livestock and fish species, significant progress has been made in recent years, particularly for key economically valuable species such as oysters, mussels, scallops, pearl oysters, clams, and abalones. This review systematically addresses four key technical aspects of sperm cryopreservation in bivalves and gastropods: (1) optimization of extender formulations; (2) selection of cryoprotectants; (3) regulation of cooling rates during the freezing process; and (4) thawing temperature control. Existing research has demonstrated that a combination of physiological traits, environmental factors, and cryopreservation protocols influences sperm quality. However, critical knowledge gaps remain in understanding marine mollusk sperm cryopreservation. This article synthesizes recent advancements and offers theoretical and practical frameworks for standardizing cryopreservation protocols, aiming to enhance post-thaw sperm viability and promote sustainable management of molluscan genetic resources.

In recent years, in response to the continuously rising demands of agricultural development, corn, as a key staple crop in China, plays an indispensable role in ensuring national food security. This study comprehensively evaluates the growth characteristics of various corn varieties and explores the practical benefits of high-yield cultivation strategies. The results show that a reasonable combination of corn varieties, scientific water and fertilizer management, and efficient pest and disease control measures can significantly increase corn yield. The findings of this study are crucial for accelerating the advancement of the corn industry in Nidang Town and its surrounding areas, while also providing valuable experience and technical support for achieving high-yield corn cultivation in similar regions.

The food processing industry generates large quantities of wastewater rich in organic matter and nutrients, which poses significant environmental pressures while also serving as a valuable resource carrier. The sector is transitioning from simple compliance-based discharge to an integrated management model of “reduction–reuse–resource recovery.” For water reclamation, multi-layer membrane technologies have become the mainstream advanced treatment approach, significantly increasing reuse rates. Treated water can be used for cooling, washing, and even certain production processes, effectively reducing freshwater consumption. In terms of resource recovery, anaerobic digestion technology has matured and is widely applied for biogas production, while recovering high-value substances from wastewater has become a research focus. Nevertheless, challenges such as large fluctuations in wastewater composition, high treatment costs, and incomplete regulatory standards for reclaimed water and by-products (e.g., fertilizers) hinder wider adoption. Moving forward, it is essential to strengthen collaboration among industry, academia, and research institutions to develop more economical and adaptable integrated technological solutions, fostering closed-loop water resource management and promoting green, low-carbon development in the food processing industry.

There is currently little information on the effects of bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), two alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), on human endocrine systems; most research on these compounds is conducted on animal models. This study examines how BPA, BPS, and BPF bind to the human estrogen receptor alpha using molecular docking and dynamics, as well as the potential endocrine disruption caused by these substances in people. This research uses AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina to predict the binding locations of BPS and BPF inside the estrogen receptor’s ligand-binding domain (LBD). Gromacs 2021 molecular dynamics simulations were run for 200 ns in order to determine the binding free energies of BPA, BPS, and BPF as well as to evaluate the stability of docking data. Results indicate that BPS and BPF, similarly to BPA, bind stably to the estrogen receptor through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, indicating potential endocrine-disrupting effects. BPF exhibited the strongest binding affinity, primarily due to significant hydrophobic interactions involving residues like LEU346 and LEU384. BPA and BPF formed stable hydrogen bonds, whereas BPS displayed slightly lower stability and more varied interactions. Throughout the simulations, all ligands consistently occupied the receptor’s active site, highlighting persistent binding. These findings imply that BPS and BPF may pose comparable health risks to BPA, though their unique interaction patterns suggest different underlying mechanisms. Experimental validation in human systems is critical to corroborate these computational predictions and evaluate the safety of BPA substitutes.

Cuticular wax forms the outermost barrier on aerial plant surfaces, playing pivotal roles in water retention, defense against pathogens and pests, and adaptation to abiotic stresses. In kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), naturally occurring glossy mutants lacking epicuticular wax exhibit heightened sensitivity to drought, increased pathogen susceptibility, and reduced post-harvest shelf life. This review synthesizes recent advances in the molecular, biochemical, and physiological understanding of wax deficiency in glossy kale. We detail the biosynthetic pathways responsible for wax component production, including very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongation, alkane and alcohol formation, and wax transport. The genetic and regulatory basis of glossiness is explored, highlighting mutations in core biosynthetic genes (CER1, CER3, KCS6, MAH1) and disruption of ABCG transporter-mediated export. Environmental and developmental regulation of wax production is examined, revealing complex interactions with drought, light, and organ identity. Finally, we evaluate breeding and biotechnological strategies for wax trait improvement, from marker-assisted selection to CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Understanding and manipulating cuticular wax biosynthesis in kale holds substantial promise for enhancing crop resilience, sustainability, and quality in a changing climate.