Ellagic acid needs to be metabolized by intestinal flora to urolithin active products, or directly regulates the composition and function of intestinal flora, and maintains blood glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity and activating multiple organ regulatory pathways.Animal experiments and clinical studies have confirmed that EA can reduce fasting blood glucose and improve insulin resistance.This article reviews the two-way interaction between EA and gut microbiota, the core pathway of gut microbiota regulating blood glucose, the specific regulatory mechanism of EA and related in vitro and in vivo studies, so as to provide a new perspective for the intervention of glucose metabolism diseases. In the future, it is necessary to focus on the transformation mechanism, dosage form optimization and large sample clinical research to promote its clinical transformation.

With the in-depth implementation of theHealthy China2030 blueprint, the big health industry has become an important engine driving economic and social development. As a core supporting force, bioengineering technology is profoundly reshaping the development landscape of the health industry. Based on existing research findings, this paper systematically sorts out the application status of bioengineering technology in core sectors of the big health industry, including the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, precision medicine, marine biological resource development, and biomaterial applications. It also analyzes in detail the challenges encountered in technology application, such as insufficient independent innovation, shortage of capital and talents, and ethical and safety risks. Combined with policy guidance and technology development trends, the paper prospects the future development of bioengineering technology in the construction of the whole industrial chain, multimodal integration, and green intelligent manufacturing. Research shows that the deep integration of bioengineering technology and the big health industry demonstrates huge potential in disease prevention and treatment, health management, and product innovation. However, it is necessary to break through development bottlenecks through multi-dimensional measures such as technological breakthroughs, policy improvement, and talent training, so as to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the big health industry.

With the in-depth implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy, the big health industry has become a key driver of national economic growth. As a core domain of modern food science, food bioengineering technology is encountering unprecedented opportunities for advancement within this context. This paper systematically elaborates on the conceptual framework of food bioengineering technology and its strategic positioning in the big health industry. It further provides an in-depth analysis of the research progress and practical applications of key technologies—such as glyco-bioengineering, fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, and genetic engineering—in areas including functional food development, green food production, and food safety control. The findings indicate that food bioengineering technology supports the development of the big health industry through multiple pathways, including improving the nutritional value of foods, enhancing food safety, developing functional food components, and promoting the green transformation of the food industry. In response to existing challenges—such as immature core technologies, incomplete industry standards, and insufficient integration of industry, academia, and research—this paper proposes several countermeasures, including strengthening fundamental research, improving the standardization system, promoting collaborative innovation, and cultivating interdisciplinary talent. These efforts aim to provide theoretical references for the innovative development of food bioengineering technology in the context of the big health industry.

The ethanol extract of Hibiscus hamabo was successively partitioned using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays. In addition, a simulated human digestive environment was established to determine the binding capacities of the extracts toward three bile salts, including sodium glycocholate, using cholestyramine as a positive control. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest free-radical scavenging activity, achieving more than 85% of the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of vitamin C, as well as the highest bile salt-binding capacity, reaching over 65% of that of cholestyramine. The ethyl acetate extract of Hibiscus hamabo showed significant in vitro antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential, indicating its promise as a high-quality raw material for the development of natural functional ingredients and its favorable prospects for industrial application.

With the continued growth in global demand for aquatic products, the traditional development model based on natural populations and experience-driven farming practices can no longer meet the modern aquaculture industry's requirements for high productivity, efficiency, superior quality, and sustainable development. As a key approach to modern genetic improvement in aquaculture, directed breeding employs genetic selection for target traits, including growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, disease resistance, environmental adaptability, and nutritional quality, thereby significantly enhancing the overall production performance and market competitiveness of commercially important aquaculture species. In recent years, advances in genomics, Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), genomic selection, and precision nutritional regulation have driven the transition of directed breeding in aquatic animals from conventional phenotypic selection to precision breeding. This paper systematically examines the current applications of directed breeding in commercially valuable aquaculture species, with particular emphasis on recent progress in optimizing growth performance, improving nutritional quality, enhancing stress resistance, and increasing market value. A review of the literature and representative case studies indicates that directed breeding can increase the growth rate of cultured species by 10%–20% and improve feed conversion efficiency by more than 15%, while significantly enhancing protein content, the composition of unsaturated fatty acids, and the stability of product quality, thereby strengthening market competitiveness. In addition, integrated breeding strategies combining genomic selection with precision nutrition are emerging as a major direction for future industrial development. The study suggests that establishing a synergistic framework integrating genetic improvement, nutritional optimization, and market value enhancement is a key pathway for promoting the high-quality development of modern aquaculture.

In our team's previous study, five highly active sesterterpenes against human pathogenic fungi were obtained from Pleurotus ostreatus via coculture with Trametes robiniophia. Genetic analysis indicated that these compounds feature structural diversity and are worthy of in-depth exploration. To obtain more novel terpenoid lead compounds for drug development, this study conducts deep mining of terpenoids with high antifungal activity from P. ostreatus under the drive of the "gene-coculture-activity" coupling strategy. Strategies including coculture, signal molecule supplementation and genetic engineering were attempted to activate silent genes in macrofungi, and the condition with the optimal effect was selected for in-depth excavation of novel terpenoids. Specifically, the coculture system was mainly constructed with P. ostreatus and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans; signal molecule supplementation mainly involved Ca²⁺ and methyl jasmonate; the genetic engineering strategy mainly focused on transferring terpenoid-related biosynthetic gene clusters from P. ostreatus into Escherichia coli for heterologous expression. LC-MS was applied to analyze the effects of these different approaches on the biosynthesis of antifungal terpenoids in P. ostreatus. By comparing different conditions, coculture of P. ostreatus with the pathogenic fungus C. albicans was finally determined to achieve the best activation effect. Accordingly, fermentation culture was performed under this condition, and the crude extract was obtained via extraction and rotary evaporation. The target compounds were then separated using normal-phase column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At present, one target compound has been obtained. In the next step, structural identification and antifungal activity evaluation will be carried out, and other antifungal active substances will continue to be isolated and prepared. Coculture of Pleurotus ostreatus with the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans can effectively induce the production of antifungal active substances, laying a foundation for the screening and clinical application of novel anti-human pathogenic fungi drugs.

Modifiable lifestyle factors influence the structure of the gut microbiome; however, most studies have isolated individual exposures and focused on continuous diversity indices rather than categorical community phenotypes. As a result, the relative weights of various coexisting lifestyle habits in determining the composition of the dominant intestinal bacterial genus are still unknown. Genus-level relative abundance data and self-reported lifestyle metadata for 336 adults from the American Gut Project were analysed. Remove unclassified taxa and re-normalise abundances, then assign a dominant genus to each sample based on its most abundant taxon. Associations with the frequency of alcohol consumption, exercise frequency, sleep duration, dietary pattern, antibiotic use history, body mass index and demographic factors were analysed using univariate tests with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction, multinomial logistic regression, PERMANOVA, redundancy analysis and differential abundance tests. Dataset-of-origin was explicitly modelled to rule out technical batch effects. After controlling for batch effects in a multivariate model, alcohol consumption frequency (importance = 0.0230), exercise frequency (importance = 0.0209) and sleep duration (importance = 0.0168) were the top two modifiable predictors of dominant genus classification. Only the frequency of alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the global community structure (PERMANOVA, F = 2.03, p = 0.01, FDR = 0.04), and Bacteroides showed a graded increase in relative abundance from 10% for never-drinkers to 39% for daily drinkers. Exercise frequency was positively correlated with increased Rothia abundance (FDR = 0.039). The dataset identifier was a relatively strong overall predictor of the dominant genus assignment (importance = 0.0462) and exceeded the combined contribution of all lifestyle variables. Alcohol consumption, exercise and sleep duration are all independently associated with the composition of dominant intestinal bacteria in adults after controlling for technical batch effects. The above results present new high-priority targets for microbiome modification and also indicate that explicit batch correction must be performed during aggregated microbiome analysis.